kdb+ is a relational time series database (TSDB) with in-memory (IMDB) capabilities. The database is tipically used in high-frequency trading (HFT) to store, analyze, process, and retrieve big data sets at high speed. Financial institutions use kdb+ to analyze time series data such as stock exchange data.

R is a software environment and programming language supported by the R Foundation for statistical computing and for statistical graphics and computing. Data miners and statisticians use the language R for developing statistical software. Source code for the R software environment is primarily written in Fortran, C, and R.